The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released a draft model curriculum for nine undergraduate and postgraduate subjects, emphasising Indian knowledge traditions. The move has sparked criticism from academics, student groups, and opposition-led states over concerns of academic rigour, ideological bias and “saffronisation”.
The United Grants Commission (UGC) on Tuesday unveiled a draft learning outcome-based curriculum framework (LOCF) for nine undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including anthropology, chemistry, commerce, economics, geography, home science, mathematics, physical education, and political science. This draft LocF, according to UGC, will serve as a “model curriculum to promote flexibility and innovation in programme design and syllabi”. While released to the public for feedback, the framework came under fire for its focus on “Indian-knowledge based systems”.
Each LoCF prioritises the inclusion of Indian thinkers in their objective with the rationale that the Indian higher education system has “long been influenced by colonial structures, which have
often disconnected students from the country’s rich indigenous knowledge.” Commerce has additions of ‘Bhartiya philosophy’ with concepts like ‘Ram Rajya’ and ‘Shubh-labh’ philosophy, along with a focus on “India’s commercial history” that “fosters pride and continuity”. Economics similarly has a whole paper on “Kautilya’s Arthashastra” and a course that aims to “explore the principles of public finance and systems of local governance in India, drawing from classical texts. “
The draft curriculum for mathematics proposes to teach sutra-based algebra (ancient Indian method using mathematical formulas) as a minor or additional course under the undergraduate programmes. Mandala geometry and yantras, rangoli and kolam as algorithmic art forms, temple architecture and āyādi ratios will also be included. The UGC also proposed another course on the philosophy of Indian mathematics. It introduces Bhāratīya philosophical systems, explores the role of mathematics in personality development, and offers a brief study of the Vedas, Vedāṅgas, Purāṇas, and Darśanas. Anthropology witnessed the addition of works of ancient scholars like Charaka and Sushruta, while chemistry added elements such as Saraswati Vandana and modules on Ayurvedic drinks. Critics, however, warn that the framework could undermine academic rigour.
Professor Amber Habib, Department of Mathematics at Shiv Nadar University, told ThePrint that,
A graduate of this curriculum is in no way prepared for modern research and will find it difficult to cope even with the Master’s programmes of national institutions like IITs and IISERs (Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research).
The most controversial of all was the addition of V.D. Savarkar’s The Indian War of Independence as recommended reading for modules on India’s freedom struggle. This move was met with protest from student organisations, particularly the Students’ Federation of India (SFI). They have strongly objected, accusing the UGC of pushing the RSS agenda through education. On August 27, SFI organised protests across UGC regional centres, arguing that “students and youth of this country do not need to study the history of the freedom struggle from books written by those who betrayed the freedom struggle.”
Opposition-led state governments like Kerala have come out to criticise the draft proposal, warning against what they term as “saffronisation” of Indian higher education. Kerala’s Higher Education Minister R. Bindu, in remarks to The Hindu, described the draft as “regressive, unscientific, and aligned with the ideological interests of the Sangh Parivar”. The Kerala State Higher Education Council will review the draft and submit a report to the state government, which will form Kerala’s official response.
With public comments invited until September 20, it remains to be seen whether the UGC will revise its proposals or hold firm on a framework that has sharply divided opinion.
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Yashika Jain
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